Characteristic of a Male Chauvinist in a Family :pdf

Course of extreme patriotism and nationalism and a belief in national superiority and glory

Chauvinism is the unreasonable belief in the superiority or dominance of 1's ain grouping or people, who are seen as stiff and virtuous, while others are considered weak, unworthy, or junior.^[1] It tin can be described equally a form of farthermost patriotism and nationalism, a fervent organized religion in national excellence and celebrity.^[2]

In English, the give-and-take has come to be used in some quarters as shorthand for male person chauvinism, a trend reflected in Merriam-Webster's Dictionary, which, as of 2018, begins its start example of use of the term chauvinism with "an attitude of superiority toward members of the contrary sex activity".^{[3] [four] [5]}

Every bit nationalism [edit]

According to legend, French soldier Nicolas Chauvin was badly wounded in the Napoleonic Wars and received a meager pension for his injuries. Later Napoleon abdicated, Chauvin maintained his fanatical Bonapartist belief in the messianic mission of Imperial French republic, despite the unpopularity of this view under the Bourbon Restoration. His single-minded blind devotion to his cause, despite fail by his faction and harassment by its enemies, started the apply of the term.^[two]

Chauvinism has extended from its original utilise to include fanatical devotion and undue partiality to whatsoever group or crusade to which one belongs, especially when such partisanship includes prejudice against or hostility toward outsiders or rival groups and persists fifty-fifty in the face of overwhelming opposition.^{[two] [iii] [6]} This French quality finds its parallel in the English-language term jingoism, which has retained the significant of chauvinism strictly in its original sense; that is, an mental attitude of belligerent nationalism.^{[six] [seven] [8]}

In 1945, political theorist Hannah Arendt described the concept thus:

Chauvinism is an almost natural product of the national concept in so far equally information technology springs directly from the old idea of the "national mission." ... [A] nation's mission might be interpreted precisely as bringing its calorie-free to other, less fortunate peoples that, for whatsoever reason, take miraculously been left by history without a national mission. Every bit long as this concept did not develop into the ideology of chauvinism and remained in the rather vague realm of national or even nationalistic pride, it oft resulted in a high sense of responsibility for the welfare of astern people.^[9]

In this sense, chauvinism is irrational, in that no nation or ethnic grouping tin can claim to be inherently superior to another.^[1]

Male chauvinism [edit]

Male person chauvinism is the belief that men are superior to women. The first documented use of the phrase "male person chauvinism" is in the 1935 Clifford Odets play Till the Day I Die.^[10]

In the workplace [edit]

The balance of the workforce changed during Globe War Ii. Every bit men left their positions to enlist in the military and fight in the state of war, women started replacing them. Later on the war ended, men returned domicile to find jobs in the workplace now occupied by women, which "threatened the self-esteem many men derive from their dominance over women in the family, the economy, and society at large."^[xi] Consequently, male chauvinism was on the ascension, co-ordinate to Cynthia B. Lloyd.^[12]

Lloyd and Michael Korda have argued that every bit they integrated dorsum into the workforce, men returned to predominate, property positions of power while women worked equally their secretaries, usually typing dictations and answering telephone calls. This segmentation of labor was understood and expected, and women typically felt unable to challenge their position or male person superiors, fence Korda and Lloyd.^{[12] [13]}

Causes [edit]

Chauvinist assumptions are seen past some as a bias in the TAT psychological personality test. Through cantankerous-examinations, the TAT exhibits a tendency toward chauvinistic stimuli for its questions and has the "potential for unfavorable clinical evaluation" for women.^[xiv]

An often cited study done in 1976 by Sherwyn Woods, Some Dynamics of Male Chauvinism, attempts to find the underlying causes of male chauvinism.

Male person chauvinism was studied in the psychoanalytic therapy of 11 men. It refers to the maintenance of stock-still beliefs and attitudes of male superiority, associated with overt or covert depreciation of women. Challenging chauvinist attitudes often results in anxiety or other symptoms. It is oftentimes not investigated in psychotherapy considering it is ego-syntonic, parallels cultural attitudes, and considering therapists often share like bias or neurotic conflict. Chauvinism was found to represent an attempt to ward off anxiety and shame arising from one or more of iv prime number sources: unresolved infantile strivings and regressive wishes, hostile envy of women, oedipal feet, and power and dependency conflicts related to masculine cocky-esteem. Mothers were more important than fathers in the development of male chauvinism, and resolution was sometimes associated with decompensation in wives.^[15]

Adam Jukes argues that a reason for male person chauvinism is masculinity itself:

For the vast majority of people all over the world, the mother is a master carer...There's an asymmetry in the development of boys and girls. Baby boys have to learn how to exist masculine. Girls don't. Masculinity is not in a country of crisis. Masculinity is a crisis. I don't believe misogyny is innate, but I believe it's inescapable because of the evolution of masculinity.^[sixteen]

Female chauvinism [edit]

Female person chauvinism is the belief that women are morally superior to men. Information technology is considered antifeminist, and sexist.^[17] The term has been adopted by critics of some types or aspects of feminism; second-wave feminist Betty Friedan is a notable case.^[18] Ariel Levy used the term in a similar, only reverse sense in her book, Female person Chauvinist Pigs, in which she argues that many young women in the United States and beyond are replicating male person chauvinism and older misogynist stereotypes.^[19]

Karen Salmansohn described what female person chauvinists believe in Psychology Today when she wrote, "female chauvinists believe that men tin can't be emotionally evolved plenty to want to grow, communicate from the center, empathise and validate [their] female partners," and then labeling this description of men the aforementioned as calling men "emotional bimbos."^[twenty]

See also [edit]

• American exceptionalism
• Avant-garde
• Blind nationalism
• Boys club
• Carbon chauvinism
• Bang-up Russian chauvinism
• Han chauvinism
• National symbolism
• Planetary chauvinism
• Romanticism
• Royal and noble styles
• Sexism
• Social chauvinism
• Supremacism
• Theocracy
• Welfare chauvinism

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b} Heywood, Andrew (2014). Global politics (2nd ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 171. ISBN978-1-137-34926-2. OCLC 865491628.
2. ^ ^{a b c} "Chauvinism". Encyclopædia Britannica.
3. ^ ^{a b} "15 Words You Didn't Realize Were Named After People". Grammar Girl.
4. ^ "Chauvinism". Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
5. ^ The Columbia Guide to Standard American English . Retrieved 4 December 2008. Chauvinism is "fanatical, boastful, unreasoning patriotism" and by extension "prejudiced conventionalities or unreasoning pride in whatsoever group to which you lot belong." Lately, though, the compounds "male chauvinism" and "male person chauvinist" have gained so much popularity that some users may no longer recall the patriotic and other more generalized meanings of the words.
6. ^ ^{a b} "Chauvinism". The Oxford English Dictionary.
7. ^ "Jingoism". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 22 June 2015.
8. ^ "Jingoism & Chauvinism". Discussion Histories. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 22 June 2015.
9. ^ Arendt, Hannah (Oct 1945). "Imperialism, Nationalism, Chauvinism". The Review of Politics. 7 (4): 457. doi:x.1017/s0034670500001649.
10. ^ Mansbridge, Jane; Katherine Flaster (2005). "Male Chauvinist, Feminist, Sexist, and Sexual Harassment: Different Trajectories in Feminist Linguistic Innovation". American Speech. 80 (3): 261. CiteSeerX10.one.i.103.8136. doi:10.1215/00031283-80-3-256.
11. ^ Cooke, Lynn Prince. "Why Trump'southward male person chauvinism appeals to some voters more than others". The Chat . Retrieved 22 May 2020.
12. ^ ^{a b} Lloyd, Cynthia B., ed. Sex, Discrimination, and the Division of Labor. New York: Columbia University Printing, 1975. Impress.
13. ^ Michael Korda, Male Chauvinism! How It Works. New York: Random House, 1973. Print.
14. ^ Potkay, Charles R., Matthew R. Merrens. Sources of Male Chauvinism in the TAT. Journal of Personality Assessment, 39.5 (1975): 471-479. Web. 31 January 2012.
15. ^ Woods, Sherwyn G. (January 1976). "Some Dynamics of Male Chauvinism". Archives of General Psychiatry. 33 (ane): 63. doi:ten.1001/archpsyc.1976.01770010037007. PMID 1247365.
16. ^ "Men antisocial women: A look into the psychology of misogyny". British GQ . Retrieved 22 May 2020.
17. ^ Brons, Lajos. "On gender chauvinism".
18. ^ "If I were a man, I would strenuously object to the assumption that women have whatever moral or spiritual superiority as a class. This is [...] female chauvinism." Friedan, Betty. 1998. It Changed My Life: Writings on the Women's Motility. Harvard University Printing
19. ^ Female Chauvinist Pigs: Women and the Rise of Raunch Culture, Ariel Levy, 2006, ISBN 0-7432-8428-iii
20. ^ "Are You a Female person Chauvinist?". Psychology Today . Retrieved 28 Nov 2020.

External links [edit]

Expect up chauvinism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

dickensoninforent.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chauvinism

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